Friedrich Spee

1591-1635 17th century

Taking the side of those whose confession was wrung out of them.

Who was Friedrich Spee?

A Rhineland Jesuit and teacher, he accompanied to the stake women condemned as witches, and in 1631 published anonymously a book that dismantled the witch trial by its own logic: under torture everyone confesses, therefore a confession proves nothing. His superiors moved him elsewhere. He also wrote poems in German, tender and pastoral, and he died at forty-four of plague caught while nursing wounded soldiers at Trier.

In their own words

It is torture that fills Germany with witches.

Cautio criminalis, or A Warning for Judges, 1631, translated from the Latin by the Manna team

I have often thought that if we are not all sorcerers, it is only because we have not all been put to the torture.

Cautio criminalis, or A Warning for Judges, 1631, translated from the Latin by the Manna team